![]() The majority of powered flying controls are hydraulically operated and, depending on the degree of assistance required, will be either powered or power assisted. To reduce the stick forces created by these heavy air loads, hydraulic or electric power is used. On some modern aircraft, the flying controls are subjected to heavy loads due either to the movement of large control surfaces or by the operation of the controls at high speeds. The movement of the control may be achieved hydraulically. Movement of the cockpit control sends an electrical signal to the control surface. The control valve may still be operated mechanically. The control surfaces are moved by hydraulic power. The control surfaces are connected directly to the cockpit controls by a system of cables, rods, levers and chains. The movement of the flying control surfaces in response to the movement of the cockpit controls may be achieved: Secondary flight controls are intended to improve the aircraft performance characteristics or to relieve excessive control loading. Primary flight controls are required to safely control an aircraft during flight. Rotation around the normal axis is yawing and is controlled by the rudder. Rotation around the lateral axis is pitching and is controlled by elevators or by a moving tailplane. Rotation around the longitudinal axis is rolling and is controlled by the ailerons, or for some aircraft, spoilers, or by a combination of the two. Here are the basic rotation controls around 3 axises: decreasing the aerodynamics force by "spoiling" the airflow changing the angle of attack (incidence) of the aerofoil The moment around an axis is produced by changing the aerodynamic force on the appropriate aerofoil and this may be done by: ¶ General priciplesįor steady flight, aircraft must be in a state of balance (zero moments around the axes) and the controls enable this to be achieved for all possible configurations and CG (Centre of Gravity) positions. ![]() Flight control systems are subdivided into what are referred to as primary and secondary flight controls. The most basic flight control system designs are mechanical and date back to early aircraft. It should be noted that flight control systems and characteristics can vary greatly depending on the type of aircraft flown. A pilot uses flight control systems to control the forces of flight and the aircraft's direction and attitude. ![]()
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